Dupi — Structure

Sentence structure — 4 slots

[subject] [modifier] [verb] [details...] [object]

Slot 1 — Subject: who/what (pronoun or noun)

Slot 2 — Modifier: how (intention, manner — optional)

Slot 3 — Verb: domain + vo (action or transformation)

Slot 4 — Details + Object: domain-value pairs (modifiers), then who/what is affected

ma lo-lo-vo sa — I / romance-do / you

ta tu-oke-vo sa — she / communication-quiet-do / you (she whispers to you)

ma no ni-vo — I / not / speed-do (I not go)

Slots can be omitted when obvious. alo! (love!) is a valid sentence.

Verbs: domain + vo

Any domain becomes a verb by appending vo. The domain carries the full meaning; vo marks it as action.

lo-vo — love-do (attract, love)

ni-vo — speed-do (move, go)

tu-vo — communicate-do (say, tell)

ge-vo — pain-do (hit, hurt)

Add a scale prefix to set intensity:

alo-vo — max-attraction-do = devote yourself completely

oki-vo — zero-energy-do = sleep

teni-vo — mid-speed-do = drive

wuge-vo — intense-pain-do = attack fiercely

Bare domain (no vo) = state, not action:

ma ofu — I (am) zero-calm = I'm angry

ma namu — I (am) high-joy = I'm happy

ma ofu-vo — I do zero-calm = I rage (active, intentional)

Tense: expressed through domains, not structure

Dupi has no tense particles. Time is expressed using domain compounds — or omitted when obvious from context.

Present (default): ma ni-vo — I go

Future: ma ni-vo ti-apa — I go, time-toward (arriving time)

Past: ma ni-vo ti-opa — I go, time-away (departed time)

ti-apa = time coming toward you = future. ti-opa = time gone away = past. They are natural opposites via the direction domain (pa), no extra words needed.

Place the tense expression after the verb and object, like any other detail. Omit entirely when context is clear.

ma lo-lo-vo sa ti-apa — I will love you

ta ni-vo ti-opa — she went (past)

ma tu-vo sa ti-opa — I told you (past)

Word structure

Scale + domain merge with no separator: alo = a(max) + lo(attraction) = devotion

Hyphen = compound concept: ba-po = house (container + hard)

Space = separate words: ali so = lake (water, big)

Stress: repeat the domain

Repeating a domain stresses it — that dimension is the explicit focus of the expression.

ga-ga — emphatically a command (this is an order, not a request)

lo-lo — deeply in love (attraction is the whole point)

ni-ni-vo — really move (speed is the emphasis)

Compare: aga = max-command (quantitative, scale 9) vs ga-ga = stressed command (qualitative — this dimension, specifically).

Scale is optional

namu — scale + domain = specific point: "pretty happy"

mu — bare domain = general reference (context fills in)

na — bare scale = just a number/quantity: "6"

Wh-questions: domain + jo

jo — what?

ko jo — who? (life, question)

da jo — where? (distance, question)

ti jo — when? (time, question)

leja jo — why? (because, question)

wa jo — how? (path, question)

Negation: no

ma no ni-vo — I not go

no amu — not happy (different from omu = grief)

Connectors

oja — if (conditional)

vi — or (alternatives)

taja — although

teja — but (contrast)

leja — because (factual)

ja — and (all true)

Likeness & comparison: fe

ofe — none / least

tefe — equal / same

lefe — very like / more

wufe — much like / far more

afe — identical / extreme

Example: ma so sa wufe = I'm much bigger than you (I, size, you, far-more)

Variables: la

la-po = [describe complex concept] → "po" means that thing now

Up to 100 variable slots (la + any syllable combo). Scoped to conversation. Forgotten when conversation ends.